Capacitor Charge and Discharge Circuit Without Microcontrollers

This setup demonstrates the charging and discharging behavior of a capacitor using basic electronic components without requiring a microcontroller.

Key Components & Their Roles

1. Capacitor – Stores electrical energy and releases it when needed.
2. Resistors – Control the rate of charging and discharging.
3. Push Buttons – Manually trigger the charge and discharge cycles.
4. LED – Indicates the capacitor’s charge state.
5. 9V Battery – Provides power to the circuit.

Working Principle

• Charging Phase:
  • When the charge button is pressed, the capacitor charges through a resistor.
  • The LED lights up, indicating stored energy.
• Discharging Phase:

• When the discharge button is pressed, the capacitor releases energy through another resistor.
• The LED turns off, showing that the capacitor has discharged.

This setup is useful for understanding capacitor behavior, RC time constants, and basic circuit design.

Wiring Connections

Component	Connection
Capacitor Positive	Connected to battery positive
Capacitor Negative	Connected to ground
Resistor (Charging)	Between battery and capacitor
Resistor (Discharging)	Between capacitor and LED
Push Button (Charge)	Connected to charging resistor
Push Button (Discharge)	Connected to discharging resistor
LED Positive	Connected to capacitor output
LED Negative	Connected to ground

charging-and-discharging-capaciotr_watermark

Advantages of This System

✅ No Microcontroller Required – Simple and cost-effective.
✅ Fundamental Electronics Concept – Demonstrates capacitor behaviour.
✅ Easy to Build – Uses basic components for practical learning.
✅ Customizable – Can be modified for different capacitor values and resistor configurations.